BEHAVIOR OF HYBRID STEEL/GFRP REINFORCED COLUMNS UNDER LATERAL CYCLIC LOADING:    A NUMERICAL STUDY

Arafa, Ahmed; Shoeib, Ata Elkareim; Dandrawy, Sara Youssef

doi:10.21608/sej.2021.155958

BEHAVIOR OF HYBRID STEEL/GFRP REINFORCED COLUMNS UNDER LATERAL CYCLIC LOADING: A NUMERICAL STUDY

Document Type : Original research articles

Authors

¹ Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sohag University, 82524, Sohag, Egypt

² Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, 11795, Cairo, Egypt

10.21608/sej.2021.155958

Abstract

This paper proposed hybrid (steel/glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites) bars as primary reinforcement for modern reinforced concrete (RC) columns. A detailed two-dimensional finite element model (2D FEM), that considers material and geometric nonlinearity and the bond behavior of steel and glass FRP (GFRP) reinforcement, was created, and validated against the available experimental results. The built model predicted the experimentally obtained results representing in failure mode and deformation response with good accuracy. Hybrid system that consists of steel/GFRP combination was then studied. The results patently showed that hybrid reinforced columns can undergo large displacement with minimal damage. This; however, can be guaranteed through carefully selection of reinforcement arrangement.

Keywords

References

[1] American Concrete Institute (ACI). “Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Bars.” ACI 440.1R-15, 2015 Farmington Hills,MI.

[2] Canadian Standards Association (CAN/CSA). Design and Construction of Building Components with Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (S806-12). Mississauga, (ON, Canada): CSA; 2012, pp. 208.

[3] T. E. Bradberry, “Concrete bridge decks reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars,” Transportation Research Record, Vol. 1770, no. 1, pp. 94-104, 2001.‏

[4] A. Nanni, , and S. Faza, “Design and construction of concrete reinforced with FRP bars: An emerging technology,” Concr. Int, Vol. 24, pp. 53-58, 2002.‏

[5] E. El-Salakawy, B. Benmokrane, A. El-Ragaby and D. Nadeau, “Field investigation on the first bridge deck slab reinforced with glass FRP bars constructed in Canada, ” Journal of composites for construction, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 470-479, 2005.‏

[6] B. Benmokrane, E. El-Salakawy, A. El-Ragaby and S. El-Gamal, “Performance evaluation of innovative concrete bridge deck slabs reinforced with fibre-reinforced-polymer bars, ” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 298-310, 2007.‏

[7] A. Ehab, F. Settecasi, and B. Benmokrane. “Construction and testing of GFRP steel hybrid-reinforced concrete bridge-deck slabs of sainte-catherine overpass bridges,” Journal of Bridge Engineering, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 0401401, 2014.‏

[8] H. Fukuyama, Y. Masuda, Y. Sonobe, M. Tanigaki “Structural performances of concrete frame reinforced with FRP reinforcement,” In: 2nd international RILEM Symposium, Non-Metallic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures. Ghent, Belgium: Chapman & Hall;p. 275–86, 1995.

[9] M. Hasaballa and E. El-Salakawy, “Shear capacity of exterior beam-column joints reinforced with GFRP bars and stirrups, ” J. Compos. Constr., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 04015047, 2016‏.

[10] S. K. Ghomi and E. El-Salakawy,” Seismic performance of GFRP-RC exterior beam-column joints with lateral beams”. J Compos Constr, vol. 20, pp. 04015019, 2016.

[11] M. G. El-shamandy, A. S. Farghaly, and B. Benmokrane, “Experimental behavior of glass fiber-reinforced polymer- reinforced concrete columns under lateral cyclic load,” ACI Structural Journal, vol. 115, no. 2, pp. 337-349, 2018.

[12] M. L. Nehdi and A. M. Said, “Behaviour of RC beam-column joints with hybrid reinforcement under simulated earthquake loading,” 7th International Conference on Multipurpose High-Rise Towers and Tall Buildings, 2005.

[13] H. A. Ibrahim, M. F. M. Fahmy, and Wu. Zhishen, “Numerical study of steel-to-FRP reinforcement ratio as a design-tool controlling the lateral response of SFRC beam-column joints,” Engineering Structures, vol. 172, pp. 253-274, 2018.‏

[14] P. S. Wong and FJ. Vecchio ,”VecTor 2 & formworks user’s manuals”, Toronto, ON, Canada: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto; 2002, p. 213.

[15] F. J. Vecchio and M. P. Collins, ” Compression response of cracked reinforced concrete,” Journal of structural engineering, vol. 119, no. 12, pp. 3590-3610, 1993.

[16] D. Palermo and F. J. Vecchio, "Simulation of cyclically loaded concrete structures based on the finite-element method," Journal of Structural Engineering , vol. 133, no. 5, pp. 728-738, 2007.

[17] Hognestad and Eivind, “Study of combined bending and axial load in reinforced concrete members,” University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, College of Engineering. Engineering Experiment Station, 1951.‏

[18] B. D. Scott, R. Park and M. J. N. Priestley, “Stress-strain behavior of concrete confined by overlapping hoops at low and high strain rates,” J. ACI Struct., vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 13–27,1982.‏

[19] C. K. Gulec and A. S. Whittaker,” Performance-based assessment and design of squat reinforced concrete shear walls,” pp. 09_0010, Buffalo, NY: MCEER, 2009.‏

[20] S. Ghazizadeh, C. A. Cruz-Noguez, and F. Talaei, “Analytical model for hybrid FRP-steel reinforced shear walls,” Engineering Structures, vol. 156, pp. 556-566, 2018.‏

[21] F. J. Vecchio, , and I. McQuade, “ Towards improved modeling of steel-concrete composite wall elements,” Nuclear engineering and design, vol. 241, no. 8, pp. 2629-2642, 2011.‏

[22] N. Mohamed, A. S. Farghaly, B. Benmokrane and K. W. Neale , “Numerical simulation of mid-rise concrete shear walls reinforced with GFRP bars subjected to lateral displacement reversals,” Engineering structures, vol. 73, pp. 62-71, 2014.‏

[23] D. Palermo, F. J. Vecchio and H. Solanki, “ Behavior of three-dimensional reinforced concrete shear walls,” ACI Structural Journal, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 81-89, 2002.‏

[24] H. Kupfer , H. K. Hilsdorf, and H. Rusch, “Behavior of concrete under biaxial stresses,” Journal proceedings. Vol. 66, No. 8., pp. 656-666, 1969.‏

[25] S. K. Ghomi and E. El-Salakawy, “Seismic behavior of exterior GFRP-RC beam–column connections: Analytical study,” Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 04018022 2018.‏

[26] H. Kupfer, B. Helmut, and K. H. Gerstle. "Behavior of concrete under biaxial stresses," Journal of the engineering mechanics division, vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 853-866, 1973.‏

[27] N. Mohamed, A. S. Farghaly, B. Benmokrane and K. W. Neale, “ Flexure and shear deformation of GFRP-reinforced shear walls,” Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 04013044, 2014.

[28] M. Seckin, “ Hysteretic behavior of cast-in-place exterior beam column sub-assemblies,” pp. 4139-4139, 1982.‏

[29] X. G. He, and A. K. H. Kwan, “ Modeling dowel action of reinforcement bars for finite element analysis of concrete structures,” Computers & Structures, vol. 79, no. 6, pp.595-604, 2001.‏

[30] L. Vint,” Investigation of bond properties of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars in concrete under direct tension,” Diss. 2012.‏

[31] R. Eligehausen, E. P. Popov, and V. V. Bertero, “Local bond stress-slip relationships of deformed bars under generalized excitations,” 1982.‏

[32] CAN/CSA S807-15, “Specification for Fibre Reinforced Poly-mers,” Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga, ON, Canada, 2015, p. 44.

[33] P. Ricci, G. M. Verderame, and G. Manfredi, “ASCE/SEI 41 provisions on deformation capacity of older-type reinforced concrete columns with plain bars," Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 139, no. 12, p. 04013014, 2013.‏

[34] E. C. Bentz,. "Sectional Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Members", Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, p. 310, 2000.